European Journal of Rheumatology
Invited Review

Definition and treatment approach of non-criteria clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome

1.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey

Eur J Rheumatol 2020; 7: 180-183
DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2020.20099
Read: 2303 Downloads: 1110 Published: 08 October 2020

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies. However, in APS, there are several non-thrombotic clinical manifestations such as thrombocytopenia, cardiac valve disease, microthrombotic nephropathy, skin ulcer, or cognitive dysfunction. These non-criteria manifestations are relatively common and usually are non-responsive to anticoagulation. Among the non-criteria manifestations, thrombocytopenia, skin ulcers, migraine, and heart valve lesions are the most frequent manifestations described in APS. Limited data are available on the treatment of non-criteria manifestations of APS, and most therapeutic options are based on case reports or retrospective non-randomized studies. Although there is no consensus on the treatment of non-criteria manifestations of APS, anticoagulant therapy and immunomodulatory drugs could be combined in most patients.

Cite this article as: Yazıcı A. Definition and treatment approach of non-criteria clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome. Eur J Rheumatol 2020; 7(4): 180-3.

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